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    [FilterByClade] => Testudines
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Raising the Standard in Fossil Calibration

The Fossil Calibration Database is a curated collection of well-justified calibrations, including many published in the journal Palaeontologia Electronica. We also promote best practices for justifying fossil calibrations and citing calibrations properly.

CLADE SUBMITTED: Testudines
nameToSourceNodeInfo('Testudines') return this node_data:
Array ( [taxonid] => 8459 [source] => NCBI )
nameToMultitreeID('Testudines') returns ID:
-1674
QUERY:
SELECT DISTINCT calibration_id FROM calibrations_by_NCBI_clade WHERE clade_root_multitree_id = '-1674' AND calibration_id IN (SELECT CalibrationID FROM calibrations WHERE PublicationStatus = 4)
Adding calibration 244 (inner add-op or non-cladistic search)
'Testudines':
 displayedRelevance: 1 / 1 = 1.00
		Array
(
    [CalibrationID] => 244
    [NodeName] => Testudines
    [HigherTaxon] => Reptilia
    [MinAge] => 155.6
    [MinAgeExplanation] => The holotype of <i>Caribemys oxfordiensis</i> de la Fuente and Iturralde-Vinent, 2001 (MNHNCu P-3209) from the Oxfordian Jugua Formation of Cuba is a total group pleurodire
and thus placed inside crown Testudines has been universally
accepted (e.g., de la Fuente and Iturralde-Vinent, 2001; Gaffney et al., 2006; Joyce, 2007; Sterli and de la Fuente, 2011; Anquetin, 2012). Thus the minimum constraint on the age of crown Testudines is placed at the top of the Oxfordian (155.7 ± 4.0 Ma; Gradstein et al., 2004; Ogg et al., 2008) at 155.6 Ma.
    [MaxAge] => 251.4
    [MaxAgeExplanation] => A constraint for the oldest possible age of the turtle crown must encompass <i>Proterochersis robusta</i>, even though its status as a crown turtle is highly questionable. The Lower to Middle Triassic has produced just one total group testudine, <i>Odontochelys semitestacea</i> Li et al., 2008, and we see no reason to doubt its placement as the oldest unambiguous stem-turtle (Anquetin, 2012). Rich Permian fossil sites worldwide have failed to yield anything that resembles a crown turtle, beyond the enigmatic <i>Eunotosaurus africanus</i> Seeley, 1892, which generally appears to serve the role of an early stem turtle well (Lyson et al., 2010). We therefore place our hard maximum at the base of the Triassic (251.0 ± 0.4 Ma; Gradstein et al., 2004; Ogg et al., 2008) at 251.4 Ma.
    [PrimaryLinkedFossilID] => 173
    [DateCreated] => 2014-10-08 16:19:52
    [PublicationID] => 374
    [ShortName] => Joyce et al. 2013
    [FullReference] => Joyce, W.G., Parham, J.F., Lyson, T.R., Warnock, R.C.M., Donoghue, P.C.J. 2013. A divergence dating analysis of turtles using fossil calibrations: an example of best practices. Journal of Paleontology 87, 612-634.
    [DOI] => 
    [image] => 
    [image_caption] => 
    [qualifiers] => Array
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            [0] => Array
                (
                    [relationship] => 07-CLADE-MEMBER
                    [relevance] => 1
                )

        )

    [displayedRelationship] => 07-CLADE-MEMBER
    [displayedRelevance] => 1.00
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Clade member 155.6–251.4 Ma Added Oct 08, 2014
Testudines – from Joyce et al. 2013
Joyce, W.G., Parham, J.F., Lyson, T.R., Warnock, R.C.M., Donoghue, P.C.J. 2013. A divergence dating analysis of turtles using fossil calibrations: an example of best practices. Journal of Paleontology 87, 612-634.   more »
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