comment on this calibration
Calycanthoideae
| node name Calycanthoideae Look for this name in NCBI Wikipedia Animal Diversity Web | ||
|
recommended citations http://palaeo-electronica.org/content/fc-2 Massoni et al. 2015 |
||
|
node minimum age 85.8 Ma These fossils were collected from the South Amboy Fire Clay Member of the Raritan Formation at the Old Crossman clay pit in Sayreville, New Jersey, USA (Crepet et al., 2005). This unit was first studied palynologically by Groot et al. (1961), who considered it Turonian based on preliminary studies on European sequences, and subsequently by Doyle (1969b), Wolfe and Pakiser (1971), Doyle and Robbins (1977), and Christopher (1979). Building on the palynological zonation of the Potomac Group by Brenner (1963), to which Doyle (1969a) added Zone III (uppermost Potomac) and Zone IV (lower Raritan), Sirkin (1974) assigned South Amboy palynofloras to a new Zone V. This unit was renamed the Complexiopollis exigua-Santalacites minor Zone by Christopher (1979) and redefined by Christopher et al. (1999) as the lowest of three subzones of the Sohlipollis Taxon Range Zone. Wolfe and Pakiser (1971) and Sirkin (1974) considered the South Amboy late Cenomanian, not much younger than underlying Woodbridge Clay Member (Zone IV), but Doyle (1969b) and Doyle and Robbins (1977) argued that it is no older than middle Turonian, based on the presence of Normapolles genera that appear at that level in Europe (Góczán et al., 1967). Doyle and Robbins (1977) and Christopher (1979) allowed that it was “possibly Coniacian,” but Crepet and Nixon (1994) and Crepet et al. (2005) accepted a late Turonian age. By contrast, Clarke et al. (2011) suggested a minimum age of the Santonian-Campanian boundary, 82.8 Ma. However, correlations by Christopher et al. (1999) and Christopher and Prowell (2010) with better-dated rocks in South Carolina imply that the Crossman locality is not this young; they correlate the C. exigua-S. minor Zone with calcareous nannofossil zones CC13 and CC14, which extend from late Turonian through Coniacian (Burnett, 1998; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012). We therefore believe there is enough evidence to consider that Jerseyanthus was at least of Coniacian age, which translates into a conservative minimum age of 85.8 Ma, the Coniacian-Santonian boundary (86.3 ±0.5 Ma; Ogg and Hinnov, 2012). | ||
|
node maximum age 0 Ma none specified | ||
| primary fossil used to date this node | ||
CUPC 1483 | ||
|
phylogenetic justification
Using the combined morphological and molecular data set described for Virginianthus (Fossil 4), in which Calycanthaceae were represented by Idiospermum, Chimonanthus, and Calycanthus, Crepet et al. (2005) found one most parsimonious position for Jerseyanthus calycanthoides, as the sister group of Calycanthus. Addition of the fossil Virginianthus calycanthoides did not influence the position of Jerseyanthus. The relationships among the three extant genera of Calycanthaceae are well supported in the literature, with Idiospermum sister to Chimonanthus and Calycanthus (Renner, 1998, 1999; Zhou et al., 2006; Massoni et al., 2014). Jerseyanthus calycanthoides therefore provides a minimum age for crown-group Calycanthoideae, the clade that is sister to Idiospermum and contains Chimonanthus and Calycanthus (Figure 1). |
||
|
phylogenetic reference(s)
Crepet, W.L., Nixon, K.C., and Gandolfo, M.A. 2005. An extinct calycanthoid taxon, Jerseyanthus calycanthoides, from the Late Cretaceous of New Jersey. American Journal of Botany, 92:1475–85
|
||
| tree image (click image for full size) | ||
|
Figure 1 from Massoni et al. (2015).
|