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Anthropoidea

Lineage (NCBI): root » Eukaryota » Opisthokonta » Metazoa » Eumetazoa » Bilateria » Coelomata » Deuterostomia » Chordata » Craniata <chordata> » Vertebrata <Metazoa> » Gnathostomata <vertebrate> » Euteleostomi » Sarcopterygii » Tetrapoda » Amniota » Mammalia » Theria <Mammalia> » Eutheria » Euarchontoglires » Primates » Haplorrhini » Simiiformes

calibration from:
Benton, M.J., Donoghue, P.C.J., Asher, R.A., Friedman, M., Near, T.J., and Vinther, J. 2015. Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history. Palaeontologia Electronica, 18.1.1FC.
[View electronic resource]

 node name
Anthropoidea     Look for this name in NCBI   Wikipedia   Animal Diversity Web 		 
  recommended citations
http://palaeo-electronica.org/content/fc-1 Benton et al. 2015 		 
  node minimum age
33.9 Ma
Catopithecus from the Fayûm Quarry L-41 is dated at the end of the Priabonian (Seiffert 2006) with an upper bound of 33.9 Ma. 		 
  node maximum age
66 Ma
Older taxa such as the African Altiatlassius and Biretia, and the Asian eosimiids and amphipithecids, may in fact be anthropoids, but appear to fall outside crown Anthropoidea (Seiffert et al., 2005). Given the fact that the oldest known euprimate (Altiatlasius) has been regarded tentatively as an anthropoid sister-taxon (Seiffert et al., 2005), the soft maximum for anthropoids must predate this occurrence in the late Paleocene. Early Paleocene strata has yielded fossils of several groups (plesiadapids, paromomyids, carpolestids) reconstructed closer to crown primates than to Scandentia or Dermoptera (Bloch et al., 2007), but has not yielded any definitive crown primates. Hence, the paleontological soft maximum can be defined as the base of the Paleocene, at 66.04 Ma ± 0.4 Myr = 66 Ma. 		 
 primary fossil used to date this node 
 
DPC 8701
Catopithecus browni, Simmons 1989
Location relative to the calibrated node: Crown

[show fossil details]
     Locality: Fayûm
     Stratum: Birket Quarun Formation
     Geological age: Eocene, Paleogene, Cenozoic


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  phylogenetic justification
Catopithecus is identified as a member of crown Anthropoidea on the basis of phylogenetic analysis (Seiffert, 2006). It shows complete postorbital closure and is a member of crown Catarrhini, so nested well within crown Anthropoidea. 		 
  phylogenetic reference(s)
Seiffert, E.R. 2006. Revised age estimates for the later Paleogene mammal faunas of Egypt and Oman. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 103:5000-5005.
 
 tree image (click image for full size) 
tree image
Figure 11 of Benton et al. (2014)
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