comment on this calibration
Carnivora
Lineage (NCBI):
root
» Eukaryota
» Opisthokonta
» Metazoa
» Eumetazoa
» Bilateria
» Coelomata
» Deuterostomia
» Chordata
» Craniata <chordata>
» Vertebrata <Metazoa>
» Gnathostomata <vertebrate>
» Euteleostomi
» Sarcopterygii
» Tetrapoda
» Amniota
» Mammalia
» Theria <Mammalia>
» Eutheria
» Laurasiatheria
» Carnivora
| node name Carnivora Look for this name in NCBI Wikipedia Animal Diversity Web | ||
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recommended citations http://palaeo-electronica.org/content/fc-1 Benton et al. 2015 |
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node minimum age 37.3 Ma The oldest caniforms are amphicyonids such as Daphoenus and canids such as Hesperocyon, known from the earliest Duchesnean NALMA, which corresponds to magnetochron 18N and is dated as 39.74 Ma ± 0.07 Myr, based on radiometric dating of the LaPoint Tuff (Robinson et al., 2004). This correlates to the Bartonian stage with a minimum limit of 37.8 ± 0.5 Ma (Gradstein et al., 2012), thus providing a minimum constraint of 37.3 Ma. | ||
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node maximum age 66 Ma The soft maximum constraint is based on the occurrence of the oldest stem-carnivorans (miacids, viverravids) in the early Paleocene (Fox et al., 2010), so 66.04 Ma ± 0.4 Myr = 66 Ma. | ||
| primary fossil used to date this node | ||
SMNH(c) P1899.6 | ||
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phylogenetic justification
Phylogenetic analysis shows that Hesperocyon is closely related to Canidae, based on its possession of a fully ossified auditory bulla composed mainly of the caudal entotympanic, with contributions from the ecotympanic and rostral entotympanic, and the caudla entotympanic forms a partial septum within the middle-ear cavity (Wesley-Hunt and Flynn, 2005). |
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phylogenetic reference(s)
Wesley-Hunt, G. and Flynn, J.J. 2005. Phylogeny of the Carnivora:basal relationships among the carnivoramorphans, and assessment of the position of ‘Miacoidea’ relative to Carnivora. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 3:1-28.
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| tree image (click image for full size) | ||
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