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Gymnophiona

Lineage (NCBI): root » Eukaryota » Opisthokonta » Metazoa » Eumetazoa » Bilateria » Coelomata » Deuterostomia » Chordata » Craniata <chordata> » Vertebrata <Metazoa> » Gnathostomata <vertebrate> » Euteleostomi » Sarcopterygii » Tetrapoda » Amphibia » Gymnophiona

calibration from:
Benton, M.J., Donoghue, P.C.J., Asher, R.A., Friedman, M., Near, T.J., and Vinther, J. 2015. Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history. Palaeontologia Electronica, 18.1.1FC.
[View electronic resource]

 node name
Gymnophiona     Look for this name in NCBI   Wikipedia   Animal Diversity Web 		 
  recommended citations
http://palaeo-electronica.org/content/fc-1 Benton et al. 2015 		 
  node minimum age
56 Ma
The fissure fillings of São José de Itaboraí, near Rio de Janeiro, are dated as early Late Paleocene (Mayr et al., 2011), and the minimum age bound is then 56.0 Ma ± 0.0 Myr = 56.0 Ma (Gradstein et al., 2012, pp. 883, 904). 		 
  node maximum age
145.8 Ma
Two unnamed possible crown caecilians are an unnamed form from the Wadi Milk Formation of Sudan (Cenomanian) and a terminal Cretaceous fossil from the Pajcha Pata in Bolivia. These provide hints that older caecilians, whose fossils appear to be so im 		 
 primary fossil used to date this node 
 
DGM 551
Apodops pricei, Estes and Wake, 1972.
Location relative to the calibrated node: Crown

[show fossil details]
     Locality: São José de Itaboraí
     Geological age: Paleocene, Paleogene, Cenozoic


More information in Fossilworks   PaleoBioDB
 
 

 
  phylogenetic justification
Apodops pricei was identified as a caecilian related to the Holocene genus Dermophis and the extant Geotryptes. It is assigned to crown Gymnophiona based on the apomorphies of having compact vertebrae, and enlarged, projecting parapophyses (Estes and Wake, 1972). 		 
  phylogenetic reference(s)
Estes, R., and Wake, M.H. 1972. The first fossil record of caecilian amphibians. Nature, 239:228-231.
 
 tree image (click image for full size) 
tree image
Figure 7 from Benton et al. (2015).
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